Science is apparently not for the easily-frustrated

Science is apparently not for the easily-frustrated Although most of the time I coast through my days in lab in a whirlwind of science glee, I have to admit that every once in a while, the lab doesnt love me back. Yesterday, for example, I was trying to get a little ahead by running a protein gel I had run the samples before and gotten a nice result, but my postdoc Albert asked me to run the samples in a slightly different permutation in order to get a nice figure for our paper. Since I had some free time yesterday, I thought Id run the gel and get it over with. The gel ran for about two hours, then I set it up to transfer the proteins to a nitrocellulose membrane (which binds proteins and is much more hardy than the acrylamide gel). As you might notice, a successful transfer requires the frazzled lab monkey to correctly orient several components the gel, the membrane, the electrodes on the gel box and yesterday, the complexity apparently got the best of me. When I checked the protein after the transfer, it wasnt there. Probably it ran away in the other direction shouting Freeeedommmmm. I dont know. It was pretty frustrating to realize I had wasted an entire day. That, of course, doesnt really hold a candle to something I did this summer I was boiling some protein samples in a beaker with water in the bottom, and all the water boiled off. The beaker heated up and cracked, causing the plastic sample tubes to melt (and, obviously, causing the immunoprecipitation samples in them to become completely worthless). I got so flustered about having lost five days of work that I forgot about the DNA gel I was running; the samples ran off into oblivion. That was an ultra-trainwreck day. One day my sophomore year, I was working with the mice in the basement of the biology building. We have different mouse genotypes, and to tell them apart we have to take a small piece of their tails (dont worry, they dont mind), extract DNA from it, and run PCR. I take the tail sample with a straight razor blade. So one thing you should know about three-week-old mice is that they can jump really high. And they are really skittish around people. So naturally, as a sophomore new to my job, I was a little skittish around them. On this particular day, one of the mice had been wriggling around viciously, and I thought he was going to get loose. I was paying more attention to the mouse than to the razor blade and sliced my finger open with the razor blade. To add insult to injury, I didnt know where the band-aids were (I was new! and scared!), and didnt want to go back to the lab without having tailed the rest of the mice. So I wrapped my finger in some gauze, double-gloved, and tailed the rest of the mice. Hmm, what else one day I was doing a DNA extraction using phenol chloroform, which is a really nasty organic solvent. As you can see, the material safety data sheet strongly advises you to freak out if you spill it on yourself. I spilled some and decided to see if it really was as bad as the data sheet suggested. Um, yeah. It was. Trust the material safety data sheet. It doesnt lie. (Although phenol chloroform gives a really cool burn it turns your skin all white and bubbly so it was totally worth the experiment. But damn, it hurt.) On to questions! 1. s, who is now the official Queen of the Nerds (woot), asked why I didnt do the 5-year bachelors/masters program. Actually, that program (its called MEng) is only available for certain engineering majors, most notably course 6 (EECS) biology doesnt offer one. (For that matter, I dont even think the biology department at MIT offers a masters degree to anyone masters degrees arent really all that useful or common in the pure sciences. Check out the registrars data.) 2. Anna asked if it was possible to defer enrollment at MIT. According to this site, Occasionally, students may wish to take a year off between secondary school and college. In such cases, it is recommended that the student follow normal admissions procedures, as if going directly on to college, and then request deferment. Deferrals are granted for any reason except full-time enrollment at another university. As for whether youd get rusty on school stuff, you might shoot that question to Anthony, who took two(?) years off between high school and MIT. 3. (A question from a while back that I forgot to answer last time.) Mohan asked if writing the application which major/department are you psyched about essay on a less common major will help your chances of getting into MIT. Nope! The brilliant and wonderful readers will just use that answer as a way to gauge what youre excited about at MIT. MIT doesnt admit students by major, and youre totally free (once you get to MIT) to major in something entirely different from what you wrote down on the application. Writing that you want to major in something common wont hurt you, and writing that you want to major in something rare wont help you. 4. Anonymous asked what my GPA and GRE scores were. (For the record, I do not think these two numbers got me into graduate school. PhD programs in the sciences are all about your research experience and recommendations. Nonetheless.) My cumulative GPA when I applied was a 3.44 (on a four-point scale). On the GRE, I got an 800 (92nd percentile) in math and a 740 (99th percentile) in verbal. I got an 870 (97th percentile) on the biology subject test. 5. Christina asked why I said Complications reminded me why Im not premed. It had nothing to do with the description of life as a doctor it just got a little graphic at times, and blood and gore makes me sick to my stomach, thats all. :) and as a final note, I will mention that I may not be a premed, and I may not have straight As but I did get into Harvard Medical School! :D Thanks, everyone, for your congratulations Im still walking on air. So everybody who ends up at MIT next year, Ill still be around! EDIT: (for people who didnt follow the link!) No, Im not going to medical school the Harvard PhD program to which I was accepted is administered through the medical school, but its a PhD program, not an MD program. And I havent decided yet where Im going I still have five interviews in front of me!

The Great Depression in Canada Essay - 978 Words

The Great Depression was a terrible point in Canadian history, and for most of the world. It was a point in time where thousands of people lost their jobs, and even lost their homes because of the depressed economy. Business was booming in the early 1920s, but when companies tried to expand, and therefore issued stocks, the economy was thrown off. Some investors sold their stocks for high prices, and as a result, everyone else followed. With less of a demand, stock prices became fractions of what they used to be, and on October 29, 1929, the New York Stock Exchange collapsed, followed by the Toronto and Montreal Stock exchanges. This collapse of the stock markets caused a depression like which the world had never seen before. It was†¦show more content†¦The conservatives introduced the unemployment relief act, giving the provinces $20 million for work-creation programs. This, however, did not aid economy much. Also, Bennett tried to raise tariffs in order to protect Canadian industries and get into the world market. He raised the tariffs by an average of more than 50 percent, which did protect some businesses, but it actually caused more harm than good. These tariffs made other nations set up trade barriers against Canada. He introduced the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Act in 1935, which helped farmers build irrigation systems and reservoirs, but by this time, because of drought, poverty, and locusts, most families had already left their farms to go to other places. Finally, he created a national network of work camps for unemployed single men who needed work and shelter. These work camps allowed men to work for them (roads, clearing land, digging ditches, etc) for a pay of 20 cents a day. They were also given a place to stay and food to eat, but the food was terrible and the bunks were often bug infested. In spite of these conditions, 170 000 men spent time in these camps, which reflects the desperation that some of these people had.i With such poor conditions, there was really no doubt that people would begin toShow MoreRelatedThe Great Depression Of Canada1265 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Depression in Canada The Great Depression may very well have been one of the most significant eras in Canadian history. It has taught us many lessons about the present and predicting the future. The ‘dirty’ thirties, as it was referred to, was a time of hardship and poverty for most. Imagine what it would be like if we had to endure the same magnitude of recession? You wouldn’t have your phone or your computer. Maybe you would be living with all of your relatives in one house? Or you wouldRead MoreThe Great Depression of Canada1140 Words   |  5 Pages The Great Depression was not just a little event in history, hence the word â€Å"great†, but a major economical setback that would change Canada, and the world, forever. The word â€Å"great† may not mean the same thing it does now; an example of this is the ‘Great’ War. These events were not ‘good’ or ‘accomplishing’ in any way, quite the opposite, but in those times it most likel y meant ‘big’. What made it big are many factors, both in the 20’s and 30’s, which can be categorized into three main points:Read More The Great Depression of the 1930s in Canada1305 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Depression of the 1930s in Canada The Great Depression of the 1930s is a benchmark for all depressions and recessions in the past and in the future. In the booklet The Great Depression of the 1930s in Canada , Michiel Horn gives an intellectual dissection of the events that occurred during the Great Depression. Michiel Horns approach leaves the reader with a foul taste for the Dirty Thirties. This essay will summarize Michiel Horns key points as well as discuss the ability ofRead MoreImpact Of The Great Depression On Canada1361 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1929, had on Canada s economy. The Great Depression disintegrated The United States economy, as well as Canada s finically solidness because of The extreme changes In The exchanging practices and The raise of levies. Keeping in mind the end goal to answer this inquiry unemployment rates In both The United States and Canada will be taken a gander at amid The years of The Great Depression . An article examining The impacts of The United States deferred recuperation ha d on Canada s capacity to ricochetRead MoreLife Of Canada During The Great Depression964 Words   |  4 Pages Life in Canada during the Great Depression Mr. Gurr CHC2D2 Quinton Cochran April 29, 2015 St. Andrew’s College Life for people during the Canadian Great Depression of the early 1930 s had the worst living conditions of any Canadians in the 20th century. No country was hit as severely as Canada due to its strong dependence on raw material, farm exports, and the aftermath of the Prairies drought. This left thousands of Canadians starving and often homeless, as the social and economicRead More Canada and The Great Depression of the 1930s1378 Words   |  6 Pages1929-1939- The Great Depression The depression years of 1929 - 1939 proved to be the worst, and some of the best years for Canada and Canadians. It was a time of extreme highs and lows socially, emotionally, and economically. It was a time that Canada came into her own being on the world wide stage. During the worst depression years in Canada, there were many people who tried tirelessly to get Canada out of the crisis she was in more quickly and efficiently. William Aberhart and his group ofRead MoreThe Negative Impact of the Great Depression on Canada905 Words   |  4 Pagesthe beginning of the Great Depression known as dirty thirties. It caused long economic slump. Prices fell like stone. Families were left homeless. Men wondered around in search of work. Prairies suffered greatly. Canada was hit hard by the decline of trade. The Great Depression had a negative impact on Canada politically, socially and economically. Canadians were negatively impacted by the lack of the government intervention during Great Depression. When the great depression hit, Mackenzie KingRead MoreEmployment, Relief and the Breadwinner Ideal: A Historiography of the Great Depression in Canada1408 Words   |  6 Pagesstatus. They argue that disapproval of married women working for wages during the Depression was expressed not only by those in position of power, such as politicians, but also by the general public and labour unions. They suggest that the number of women in the workforce increased as more young wives stayed working until the birth of their first child and older women entered the workforce in response to depression based deprivation. Hollingsworth and Tyyska also give examples of work that marriedRead More The Great Depression Essay1193 Words   |  5 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Great Depression was a period, which seemed to go out of control. The crashing of the stock markets left most Canadians u nemployed and in debt, prairie farmers suffered immensely with the inability to produce valuable crops, and the Canadian Government and World War II became influential factors in the ending of the Great Depression. The 1920’s meant prosperity for Canada. Canadians living in the 1920’s were freer in values, less disciplined, and concerned withRead MoreThe Causes of Canadas Great Depression of 1929-1939 Essay1679 Words   |  7 Pagesclosest to him heard. â€Å"It’s all gone.†# The term ‘Great Depression’ according to Kristin Brennan evokes black-and-white images of thin men in threadbare suits and worn-out shoes selling five-cent apples on city streets, of â€Å"grim-faced women lined up three deep to collect bread and milk at relief stations.†# The Great Depression of the 1930s was a devastating time toward many Canadians, where the collapse of the stock market was the beginning of the Depression, a period of severe economic and social hardship

The Rape Of Lucrece By William Shakespeare - 1786 Words

In Shakespeare’s â€Å"The Rape of Lucrece,† theoretical republicanism is predicated on the existence of and distinction between two types of men: the slave and the free. Those freeborn men who qualify for the responsibility and privilege of participating in the public sphere, are then further dependent upon the existence of a domestic female sphere in order to exercise their political virtue. The intersection between these two vital tenets of Classical Republicanism, class and gender politics, becomes structurally problematic within the context of Late Elizabethan Republicanism—when England is ruled rather successfully by a queen (Kunat 3). It is during this time that Shakespeare’s â€Å"The Rape of Lucrece† enters the conversation, imbuing the†¦show more content†¦In a similar description, the poem compares both women with â€Å"ivory conduits coral cisterns filling† (Shakespeare 1234). This nature imagery bears the connotation of being gendered distinctly feminine in classical and early modern literature. Furthermore, these images highlight the overwhelming quality of the natural elements; things are filling, swelling, and being quenched, as if beyond the control of the women. As Shakespeare points out, the maid’s emotions have no basis in reason as there is â€Å"no cause but company of her drops’ spilling† (Shakespeare 1236). The poem even ventures so far as to claim that the â€Å"gentle sex† are prone to emotion devoid of logic to the point of self-inflicted violence—â€Å"they drown their eyes or break their hearts†Ã¢â‚¬â€which becomes a haunting foreshadower of Lucretia’s suicide (Shakespeare 1239). The insinuation present in this snapshot of the patriarchal household is that women, when left to their own nature without male guidance, are easily overcome with emotion and thus rendered incapable of rationality. Shakespeare’s potent description of this interaction begins to reveal how such anti-feminist ideology was the lifeblood of patriarchal authority in monarchical Rome. As this interaction between mistress and servant progresses, the definition of a woman by theShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography on the Prevelence of Rape in Shakespeares Work909 Words   |  4 PagesGreenstadt, Amy. Read It In Me: the Authors Will in Lucrece. Shakespeare Quarterly. 57.1 (Spring 2006): 45-70. JStore. Web. 18 February 2014. In this body of work, associate professor at the University of Portland, Amy Greenstadt presents a compelling argument exploring William Shakespeares precise use of words in his poem The Rape of Lucrece. Structurally, Greenstadt employs a close reading method and anchors her research findings with the confirmation of concurring academics. InitiallyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare Essay1510 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare William Shakespeare, the playwright, had a life of virtual mystery, intrigue and relative sadness. Shakespeare grew up in a modest upbringing and was known to have only completed elementary school. Though he did not attend college, he would end up as one of histories greatest literary success stories. The mysteries surrounding the life of William Shakespeare are perpetuated with the reference to the ‘lost years; two distinct periods of time from 1578-1582 and 1585-1592Read More Male Dishonor as Guilt and Shame in The Rape of Lucrece Essay1793 Words   |  8 PagesMale Dishonor as Guilt and Shame in The Rape of Lucrece  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Inasmuch as a woman’s virginity or chastity is imagined as an object that can be owned, rape becomes a property crime, consisting in the theft of a woman’s virtue from its rightful owner, her male guardian. Bernice Harris articulates this view with respect to Titus Andronicus: The definition of the word is based on ownership: ‘rape’ is an appropriate term only if what is taken is not rightfully owned (388). The man who canRead More Chastity in The Rape of Lucrece and A Woman Killed with Kindness1614 Words   |  7 PagesChastity in The Rape of Lucrece and A Woman Killed with Kindness  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   Renaissance England has been labeled a  culture of shame - a society in which an individuals identity was primarily constructed by the way in which his or her reputation or honor was perceived by others. A womans public reputation was always based on her virginity or chastity. Just as women were considered the property of their fathers or husbands, a womans chastity was an asset owned by and exchanged between theRead MoreEssay about William Shakespeare587 Words   |  3 PagesWilliam Shakespeare William Shakespeare was born in Statfordon-Avon, England in April 1564. The son of John Shakespeare a Glover and his mother Mary Arden who came of wealthy framing family. William Shakespeare was the eldest of three sons there were also four daughters, only one of his sisters out lived William. From when Shakespeare died there has been lots of books written about Shakespeare and his works. Such as Shakespeare in his Brie Lives written by Aurbery in the 17th centuryRead MoreThe Life of William Shakespeare Essay664 Words   |  3 Pagesa precious jewel in his head.† (William Shakespeare: As You like It, Act ll scene l.) William Shakespeare, the name of a much appreciated and famous playwright/writer, who is this man? Who is the man many English experts from around the world regard as the â€Å"most read and performed playwright in the world†? (Shakespeare’s life: April 23, 2014). Where was he born? Who was his family? Where did he live? Who exactly was William Shakespeare? John and Mary Shakespeare were simple people dealing in farmRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare : The Greatest Writer Of All Time1008 Words   |  5 Pages William Shakespeare is considered the most influential and greatest writers of all time because he writes great stories, he has the ability to turn phrases, and has very a compelling use of characters. I will be including in my research countless facts about Shakespeare and educated information on why William Shakespeare is considered the greatest writer of all time. Shakespeare s feats and accomplishments have all been established and based on his early life and childhood. William ShakespeareRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Life Of The English Language1425 Words   |  6 Pagestown northwest of London (Biography 2016). William Shakespeare grew up modestly throughout the early years of his life, but the influence that he had in the literary world was anything but. His childhood education and young-adult jobs aided him in creating a name for himself gradually to the theater. With patience and commitment towards his writings, Shakespeare became known as the finest poet of the English language (Lineback 2016). As a child, Shakespeare had two older sisters and three younger brothersRead MoreFrom Where did William Shakespeares Greatness Come?755 Words   |  3 Pagesknow not what we may be.†~ William Shakespeare. It is not known if Shakespeare had any hand in the publications of his plays, in which he is so well known for. â€Å"Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them.†~ William Shakespeare. Was he just born great? Did he simply achieve greatness? Did he have it thrust upon him due to the changing times in which he lived? So many questions remain, even though more is known about William Shakespeare than any other person ofRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Life And Life1307 Words   |  6 Pages William Shakespeare s life was very interesting, to say the least about him. â€Å"An English playwright and poet, William Shakespeare is often considered the greatest dramatist the world has ever known and the most recognized poet in the Engl ish language† (Lindaman). From a very young age, William was a very bright kid, who had gained a love for theater. Ever since that love as a kid, it only grew stronger. Not only did he have a love for theater, but also poetry. Throughout Shakespeare’s life family

Miss Bridget Free Essays

It has been stressed that, in the 19th Century, if any women, Irish, Chinese, Jew or Japanese, wanted to go to America, it would be best if they were married. Irish women in America were not as bent on marriage as much as other nationalities; in fact, Irish women preferred to stay single. A single Irish domestic servant then living in America was called a â€Å"Miss Bridget†. We will write a custom essay sample on Miss Bridget or any similar topic only for you Order Now Irish women preferred being a domestic servant to being married because, as a servant, they would have shelter, food, and financial security and need nothing else. Marriage, therefore, was not the option for Irish women in the 19th Century. Nineteenth-century women, in general, were viewed as dependent on men for refuge, food, and economic support. Throughout their lives, women were being dependent, initially to their fathers and then to their husbands- raising this question: â€Å"Is there anyone who will depend on the women†? This is one reason why women want to get married, for them to experience how it feels like when someone, like their children, depend on them. Generally, for any culture or race, women primarily marry to start a new family. Other possible reasons include money, protection, and shelter. The Chinese were the first immigrants restricted by race and class to go to America. As a result, it was then very difficult for Chinese women to go there; however, almost all Chinese families still wanted to migrate to America for promises of better opportunities than China could offer. The Chinese families, therefore, influenced their women to get married in order to increase their chances of migration. Consequently, since Chinese women wanted to keep their families happy, like Wong Ah So, they would want to get married in order to obey their parents’ wishes. Southern Ladies (white women), however, did marry because who would not want to marry rich white men? The husband would have nannies/maids in the house who would take care of the kids, cook for the family, and clean the house. The only concern a wife then would have to deal with was making sure the servants were doing their work. After marriage, women were to find out that their marital situations were not in congruence with their expectations or not like the way they thought it would be, particularly because of their culture. When Rachel Calof lived with her Aunt, she met a young boy, a butcher who liked her very much, but her grandfather did not give that boy a chance to go out with her. â€Å"He stated that my marriage to a butcher would defame the family name forever† (Calof 8). Her family’s culture made it impossible for her to marry the butcher. For Irish women, their culture and status shaped their expectations of marriage. For instance, being from the lower echelons of society would mean having no expectations of marriage. The best option in this case would then be to become a nun since the Church provided shelter, protection, money, and food. They would even have the chance to help the Irish community. From the beginning, society viewed women as daughters of Eve, so as time progressed, it seemed like society and/or men molded women into beings it/they wanted them to be. For decades, women have been viewed negatively and no one expected or wanted women to take charge. All that women hoped for was for the time to come when they would earn society’s respect and acquire an equal treatment with men.   Since women’s social value was rooted on motherhood, if they wanted society to view them as perfect Americans, wives had to support the American Revolution, raise funds for the American soldiers, demonstrate loyalty, and teach their children loyalty to their country, especially the boys. To be â€Å"True Women† in the 19th Century, they had to be sexually pure, religious, domestic, and submissive.   It was a wife’s responsibility to her husband to be a â€Å"true woman† and to respect and not question the husband’s actions and decisions. In a typical home, the father was the head of the house and the provider of food, clothing, shelter, and protection. The child was supposed to obey and respect his/her father at all times.   Abigail Adams, John Adams’s wife, was involved behind the scenes in his political career and reminded him after the Declaration of Independence to acknowledge women’s role in the American Revolution. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, another woman, also tried to resolve these conflicts and wrote the Declaration of Sentiments. She spoke at the Seneca Falls Convention Center saying, â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness† (Stanton 214). After Stanton delivered this speech, everyone was surprised for she modified a word from the Declaration of Independence. Had it not been for women like Elizabeth Cady Stanton or Lucretia Mott, today’s women would still be viewed as daughters of Eve. In conclusion, marriage in the 19th Century had its advantages and disadvantages. Women were better off being married because of their over-reliance on men and for better chances of survival. The advantages of being married then included having shelter, food, protection, financial support, and a family. The Japanese culture would be a good illustration here- when Japanese men wanted to get married, they had to prove to the Japanese Government that they were prepared to get married and financially ready to raise a family. A Japanese woman was never required to prove to the Government her financial capability; all a woman had to do was show up and get married. Even though women would not have a voice in the house after being married, having a place to stay when they grow old would be an ample consolation.             How to cite Miss Bridget, Essay examples

Knowledge free essay sample

New schools are opened up, towns and communities continue to flourish and grow. The layout of this paper is going to be why education is important to people in todays world, how education changed and will it continue to have policy changes, and what education symbolizes or means to others. Education is important to a lot of people for a simple reason, they view it as a ticket Just sitting there waiting to be grabbed. A ticket that leads to a better future and life, a way to start a family and survive the harsh economic realities facing you. Its a lot easier to face life with a degree because knowledge is power. Even if you do get a degree it is still difficult to procure a stable and well-paying Job. If you have the courage to get started and take that challenging road to get that degree, it is definitely worth the time, money and effort. We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The meaning of importance for education can change for every individual. Everyone has their own relationship to knowledge and reason for why they are pursuing their American Dream. Im sure a lot of other people share the same thinking as me when I say that pursuing and receiving a higher education is one of the only options and roads you can take in life. Some people want an education because theyVe been told no their whole lives and have een deprived of academic opportunities. Now they have the motivation to go after their degree and show others that they do deserve, they have what it takes, and they can achieve their goal. Education, how it is viewed, and everything about knowledge has changed and will continue to change until the end of time. Is school more challenging in todays world? Yes it is, hands down with no argument that college is more challenging in todays society. College is more expensive and there are a lot more universities and places to study around the world. Learning and school in general has without a doubt hanged. Classrooms were smaller, good teachers and professors werent as easy to find unlike today. Life and learning is more complex and difficult than it ever was. Assignments are longer, more complex, and more difficult to complete. Tuition and rooming prices keep increasing, and I have no doubt in mind that the costs will keep rising. The cost of supplies that a student needs today compared to back then are drastically ditterent. Books and a laptop alone is a decent amount ot money. Its were trying to keep America stupid. I think everyone in this country views schooling as somewhat important. Over the last hundred years I think people everywhere are beginning to realize the true importance of education. School is different now because of technology, the things we have discovered, the supplies students have to buy to be successful, and because of how the world is developing rapidly. The standard of learning can change depending on where you are at and what you are studying. Education and the learning system is changing rapidly for the better. New information and knowledge is introduced to the world every day. Technology is constantly being added onto and updated. The people in this world will never cease o amaze me with the creations and inventions they introduce to the public Just to make their lives more simplistic. I believe the whole concept and methods of learning and the way we take in and absorb information will change drastically in the near future. Education for minorities especially for African Americans has changed. It hasnt always been allowed for African Americans to be in school and often times schools were segregated and racism was high. Young African Americans were often stuck in a system designed for them to fail. With the poverty and crime rate along with racism nd prejudice it was usually impossible for most to escape the pressures and difficulties of living in the ghetto of the city. The prison system is deceiving and unfair so to speak. Cities will have prisons but no recreational facility for teenagers. Almost everything has been made a felony and with the three strike rule it is easy for young adults to end up in prison for life. Education can symbolize many things toa lot of people. It can symbolize freedom, or a way out. Knowledge is a rare thing and I think people now more than ever are starting to realize that. Schooling will continue the change and always will.

Law Enforcement Essays

Law Enforcement Essays Law Enforcement Essay Law Enforcement Essay Law Enforcement Name: Course: Institution: Instructor: Date: The historical development of police agencies Within North America, local law enforcement agencies have a core function of enforcement of laws. The history of police agencies dates back to the earlier Roman civilizations that were created solely for protecting the rulers from assassination and other threats. Much later in the Middle Ages around 1600 .D., the watch system that was applied in most communities where volunteers patrolled the streets and guarded cities from sunrise to sunset(Berg, 1998). The watch system consisted of close voluntary supervision of the streets and cities by the residents themselves. At the time, there were vigilante groups that took up watch at their premises to combat crime. The increasing level of lawlessness caused administrators such as Alfred the Great to come up with strategies like the pledge system in which all citizens were pledging to participate in any kind of community police work. The pledge system was an amended version of the frankpledge that was a system of tithing. Tithing involved collecting all able-bodied men into a group for behavior regulation purposes. If a tithe failed to apprehend an assailant, the whole group was responsible for compensating the injured party. Consequently, the alarm raised by the chief tithing-man that was popularly called the â€Å"hue and cry†. The frankpledge system aggregated ten tithings into a â€Å"hundred† who were under one constable. The duty of the constable was to mobilize the group of a hundred men and raise their forces. Such ten â€Å"hundreds† made up a â€Å"shire† that was supervised by a shire-reeve. Any exemption to this policy had to be ratified by the shire-reeve, the designated appointee to maintain peace. During the Industrial revolution, many race and class riots took place in Europe and America that challenged the workability of the night watch security. Day watchers were also overwhelmed. At some point, well-off individuals created a section of law enforcers called thief-takers. These were individuals who ere contracted to capture criminals. However, realizing their strategic positions, most thief-takers exploited their contracts to get rich. In return, they would protect the same criminals they were supposed to eliminate. All these failed attempts pitted England, New York and all other urban centers into corruption and lawlessness. Much later around 1750, more institutions that were effective were slowly edging out the watch system. Personal detectives like the famous Bow Street Runners and the Bobbies were well known for their prowess in tracking down criminals. Individuals like Sir Robert Peel introduced professionalism in the maintenance of law and order. These Peelian principles went on to form the foundation by which many police forces and agencies standardize their officers. Sir Robert proposed standards like discipline, appearance, and fair recruitment of police officers. (Beattie, 2012) This prompted administrators in New York City to start a full-time, independent and salaried police force in 1845. These new police officers had uniforms that distinguished them from the rest of the civilians. Apart from their uniforms, these police officers worked all day and night to regulate normal business disruptions in the city. They were armed with weapons and given the mandate to apprehend law-breakers. It is also during this time when state and federal police agencies began to emerge. The Secret Service and the IRS are the best examples in this period. Police agencies and their jurisdiction Jurisdiction can be defined as the area in which a local enforcement agency is restricted to in terms of exercise of power and operations. Typically, jurisdiction covers a specific geographical area that is restricted to a particular agency. Some agencies apply their powers at the country level for example Tobacco Firearms and Explosives, within a country or province or across a collection of many states for example Interpol. At this higher level involving many countries, such agencies mainly offer advisory and coordinative services to other domestic agencies. Law enforcement agencies that operate within a division in a country are referred to as local police. Law enforcement agencies have their jurisdictions divided according to geographical locations for administrative purposes. At the country level, the two agencies operating in the United States are either federal or national. Federal law enforcement agencies have different responsibilities. They are responsible for regulating immigration and border traffic, the protection of national infrastructure, national security and protection of important country officials like the head of state. Federal police agencies also have the regular police responsibilities for example maintenance of law and order alongside general safety. They however do not exercise their authority at the lower levels i.e. divisions. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (F.B.I) is the prominent example of a federal agency in USA. State enforcement agencies operate within their specific states. Their main functions include investigations into criminal activities and regular patrols on the state’s borders. State police are part of the Department of Public Safety and work closely with the Bureau of Investigation found in the Attorney General’s office within the same state. Within these states, other enforcement divisions are not state police for instance campus police or departments of correction. These other agencies work hand in hand with the state police. The Alabama, North Dakota and Texas Highway patrols are some examples of state police.The lowest category of law enforcers is the county police. Their jurisdictions cover the different counties found within states. For smaller and less developed areas, the Sherriff’s office provides the security services for the people in a certain county. The Sherriff acts as both the county police and the sheriff in most situations. In some counties, municipal police operate under the sheriffs within the various counties. Many towns and cities have their own municipal agencies. The functions of this agency are quite similar to the federal agencies. The Las Vegas Metropolitan Police is one example.(Cunningham, Taylor Hallcrest Systems, 1985).The role of police agencies in contemporary societyPolice agencies have three main roles that stand out in the contemporary society. First, the maintenance of law and order in the society is the most important role played by the police. This mandate requires police to maintain peaceful environment by preventing behavior that may lead to any disturbance of tranquility. Under this function, police are also responsible for the detection and prevention of crime without which there would be chaos in the society (Cole Smith, 2004). The police also play a major role in law enforcement .The police exercise these powers whenever a law is violated. In such instances, the police have to identify the s uspect and apprehend them for further investigation.The Department of Justice and other similar branches in other governments rely heavily on the efficiency of the police to facilitate justice as well as safety. Lastly, police agencies provide different types of services to the public. These may include tourist guidance, civil education and providing disaster relief support. In more developed countries, police officers assist in roadside auto problems, finding lost property and residential security. At the national level, the federal police assist in maintaining national security. This includes deterring threats of terrorist attacks that have been a major issue for the United States.References Beattie, J. M. (2012). The first English detectives: The Bow Street Runners and the policing of London, 1750-1840. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Berg, B. L. (1991). Law enforcement: An introduction to police in society. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Cole, G. F., Smith, C. E. (2004). The American system of criminal justice. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth. Cunningham, W. C., Taylor, T. H., Hallcrest Systems, Inc. (1985). The Hallcrest report: Private security and police in America. Portland, or: Chancellor Press.

Vacuum Definition and Examples

Vacuum Definition and Examples Vacuum Definition A vacuum is a volume that encloses little or no matter. In other words, it is a region that has a gaseous pressure much lower than that of atmospheric pressure.A partial vacuum is a vacuum with low amounts of matter enclosed. A total, perfect, or absolute vacuum has no matter enclosed. Sometimes this type of vacuum is referred to as free space. The term vacuum comes from the Latin vacuus, which means empty. Vacuus, in turn, comes from the word vacare, which means be empty. Common Misspellings vaccum, vaccuum, vacuume Vacuum Examples Vacuum tubes are devices, usually made of glass, that contain very low gas pressures inside the tube.Space is considered a vacuum. Space does contains matter, but the pressure is much lower than what you would find on a planet, for example.A vacuum cleaner sucks up debris because it creates a pressure difference between the area to be cleaned and the suction tube.Your lungs intake air when your diaphragm drops, creating a partial vacuum in the alveoli of the lungs, causing air to rush in.